The 2025 Africa Organised Crime Index from the ENACT project ranks Kenya behind only DR Congo, South Africa, and Nigeria, highlighting heroin trafficking, financial crimes, cyber offenses, and human trafficking—all scoring 8.00. State-embedded officials and flexible criminal networks score high at 7.10, fueled by Kenya's role as a regional hub, while arms and counterfeit goods add to threats. Resilience stands at 5.17, leading East Africa but lagging continent-wide amid corruption and governance issues, prompting calls for stronger border controls and anti-corruption efforts.